Esolangs

Series of articles explaining the basics of compilers and interpreters and how to build one.

Turing Machine on PowerPoint.

Post by Yevgeniy Brikman describing different programming paradigms that are not commonly applied.

Straightforward introduction to esoteric languages with examples.

Informal golfing problems server.

Golfing problems and answers.

A Discord community about esoteric languages.

The #esoteric IRC channel on freenode.

Reddit community on esolangs.

A surprisingly user-friendly language with a highly-limited instruction set.

A single-character command language focused around the numbers 7 and 8.

A stack-based 2d language with support for reflection.

Language defined completely in JSON.

Code in binary and run on any platform.

Based on the best one-liners of Arnold Schwarzenegger.

Two-dimensional language.

Language made of brackets, a lot of brackets.

Minimalist language using only 8 single-character commands.

Musical language focused on sound rather than notation with creative freedom in mind.

A 1d celular automata based language, supports a complex pattern matching syntax.

Concise language for sketching ASCII art.

Programs that look like cooking recipes.

Only 1 valid symbol: 'chicken'.

Unary-based language, where the code is a single number.

Brainfuck variant using twelve variations of *moos* as instructions.

Language based on the structure of the DNA.

A turing-complete language using "." symbol only.

Code like an electrician.

Full-blown programming language consisting of emojis.

Non deterministic unnecessarily statically typed language.

Heavily obfuscated language with a minimal implementation.

Designed such that source code looks like poorly written fetish erotica.

1 instruction: Flip a bit, then Jump. The simplest OISC.

Code written with folders.

Full-blown programming language with NSFW contents and memes.

Music as source code.

Stack oriented, aimed at solving problems in as few keystrokes as possible.

Designed with the core values of Eastern philosophy in mind.

Parody language intended to be completely different from other languages.

Reduced JavaScript for golfing.

Golfing language based on J.

Brainfuck-based with delicious jelly.

Esoteric programming style based on the atomic parts of JavaScript.

Minimal, turing-complete pure functional language without extra features.

Programs defined entirely by the graph of the git repository instead of its contents.

Language with keywords based on the lolcat meme expressions.

Named after the 8th level of hell, is designed to be as difficult as possible to program.

High level language that transpiles to Brainfuck.

Programming using Italian-like gibberish.

Brainfuck-based with more helpful instructions.

Syntax resembling Internet slang.

Brainfuck-based language, where the commands are orangutan words.

Livecoding environment to quickly create procedural audio sequencers.

Language in which programs look like abstract paintings using colors as code. Named after Piet Mondrian.

Fungeoid with no limits on program space, float precision, and with a bit of random access to stack.

Morse-styled language.

Designed for creating computer programs that are also song lyrics.

The MIDI Esoteric Programming Language.

Language where the code appear to be Shakespearean plays.

The scariest programming language :jackolantern: :skull:.

3D language inspired in Befunge.

Language in which programs look like the lyrics to the Daft Punk song Technologic.

Matrioshka* language based on nondeterministic string rewriting of a semi-Thue grammar.

A stack-based language with prefix-free brackets.

Make Python great again.

Uses long-term storage for memory use.

Brainfuck-based language where all the commands are 0.

Derivative of Unary in which every zero is replaced with the title of the programming language being discussed.

Obfuscated functional programming.

Language that uses MIDI files as source, programs are defined by the pitch and order of notes.

Only Vigil is truly vigilant about not allowing code that fails to pass programmatic specifications.

Stack-based Turing-incomplete configuration files.

Language that does things whenever it wants.

Use only white-characters (space, tabs and newlines).

A language based on meaning-like grammar that produces output.

Use only the letter z.

Inherently evil multithreaded language designed for Necromancers.

Closely follows the grammar and tone of classical Chinese literature.

The only true brainfuck assembler toolkit.

A truly monstrous async web chat using no JS whatsoever on the frontend.

Simple FizzBuzz game implemented under the most strict enterprise standards.

A Lisp interpreter in Malbolge Unshackled.

Secure and reliable applications. Write nothing; deploy nowhere.

Operating System concept based on random actions and rewards/punishments.

The World's Smallest & Fastest JavaScript Library.

List of esoteric languages and algorithms written by dangermouse.

The Esoteric Files Archive, an archive of implementations of esoteric programming languages and examples.

Wiki of esoteric programming languages and related Resources.

Compilation of ideas for esoteric languages and related.

Articles and documents collection.

Provides examples in different languages, including esoteric languages.

Wikipedia list of esoteric languages.